Research in the laboratory focuses on the understanding of the neurobiology of stress-related disorders, particularly Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stress-induced depression, using animal models. We examine long-term alterations in brain areas associated with processing of emotions and emotional memories, such as the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex. We also study the effects of stressful experiences in early life on cognitive and emotional abilities in adulthood. We study mechanisms of stress resilience, and how these can be enhanced. We study individual differences in response to stress and trauma, and their implications to understanding the subjective nature of the perceived stress experience. We also study Individual differences in response to treatment, towards developing tools for personalized mental medicine.